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PALS Exam Prep: Advanced Interventions & Pharmacology

Q: Which antiarrhythmic can be used to treat both supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias in the PALS setting?

Amiodarone is a class III antiarrhythmic used for a wide range of arrhythmias, including ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, and some types of supraventricular tachycardia.

Q: Which of the following is NOT a core classification of pediatric dysrhythmias in PALS?

The PALS classifications for dysrhythmias are based on heart rate: too slow (bradycardia), too fast (tachycardia), or absent (asystole/PEA). Chaotic is not a recognized category.

Q: A common complication of over-advancing an endotracheal tube is placing it in the:

Due to the anatomy of the pediatric airway, the right mainstem bronchus is a more direct path. An over-advanced ETT will typically pass into the right bronchus, causing left lung collapse.

Q: The time a brain can be without oxygen from cardiac arrest and not develop permanent damage is approximately:

Irreversible brain damage begins to occur after approximately 4-6 minutes of anoxia. Early and effective CPR is vital to perfuse the brain and prevent anoxic injury.

PALS Test 03: Specialized Care

This exam reviews Drug Mechanisms, Fluid Composition, and Advanced Airway Placement.

Heart Rhythms: Pulseless Ventricular Tachycardia is a lethal rhythm. It requires an immediate shock from a defibrillator to save a life.

Adenosine Rule: Always give Adenosine as a very fast push through an IV. It does not work if you try to give it through a breathing tube.

Airway Anatomy: If a breathing tube is pushed in too far, it usually goes into the right lung. This can cause the left lung to collapse.

Edited by: Test-Questions.com

Last Updated: May 03, 2026

Q:1Which antiarrhythmic can be used to treat both supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias in the PALS setting?

Adenosine

Digoxin

Amiodarone

Propranolol

Q:2Which of the following is NOT a core classification of pediatric dysrhythmias in PALS?

Bradycardia (too slow)

Tachycardia (too fast)

Chaotic

Absent (asystole/PEA)

Q:3A common complication of over-advancing an endotracheal tube is placing it in the:

Esophagus

Right mainstem bronchus

Soft palate

Left mainstem bronchus

Q:4The time a brain can be without oxygen from cardiac arrest and not develop permanent damage is approximately:

10 minutes

5 minutes

2 minutes

20 minutes

Q:5Which of the following statements about the difference ... [Show Full Question 5]

The presentation is usually identical.

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Epiglottitis is more common in infants than croup.

Croup has an abrupt onset of symptoms.

Q:6What is a critical consideration for fluid administration ... [Show Full Question 6]

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Large fluid boluses of 20 ml/kg are the standard of care to increase preload.

The goal is to decrease preload by withholding all IV fluids.

Fluid administration is contraindicated, and immediate vasopressor support is the only option.

Q:7In post-resuscitation care, what is the target systolic blood pressure ... [Show Full Question 7]

At least the 10th percentile for age

At least the 25th percentile for age

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Exactly 100 mmHg regardless of age

Q:8What are the most important interventions to ... [Show Full Question 8]

Chest compressions and defibrillation

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Large-volume fluid boluses

Intraosseous access and epinephrine administration

Q:9Which of the following is considered a non-perfusing, ... [Show Full Question 9]

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Asymptomatic supraventricular tachycardia (SVT)

Atrial fibrillation (AF)

First-degree heart block

Q:10In a patient without a gag reflex, which airway adjunct can ... [Show Full Question 10]

A nasopharyngeal airway only

An endotracheal tube only

A laryngeal mask airway only

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Q:11Which intravenous fluid has an electrolyte composition ... [Show Full Question 11]

Normal Saline (NS)

Dextrose 5% in water (D5W)

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Dextrose 10% in water (D10W)

Q:12An ECG shows peaked T waves in a patient with a potassium of 6.3 mEq/L. ... [Show Full Question 12]

Hemodialysis

Insulin with glucose

Spironolactone

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Q:13What is the primary mechanism of action ... [Show Full Question 13]

Calcium channel blockade

Potassium channel blockade

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Chloride channel blockade

Q:14Which of the following is an INCORRECT method ... [Show Full Question 14]

Administer as a rapid IV bolus

Monitor the ECG continuously during administration

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Follow the medication with a rapid saline flush

Q:15Which type of endotracheal tube is now preferred for most pediatric patients ... [Show Full Question 15]

Uncuffed tube only

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Fenestrated tube

Metal Jackson tube

Q:16Which of the following is an INCORRECT ... [Show Full Question 16]

It is more common in males of all ages

It is the third most common cause of accidental death

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Drowning victims often do not have cervical spine injuries

Q:17A 15 kg child presents with tachycardia and signs of poor ... [Show Full Question 17]

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3.0 mg

6.0 mg

12.0 mg

Q:18What is the primary goal of fluid resuscitation in ... [Show Full Question 18]

Increase blood pressure to normal ranges

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Give fluids until heart rate decreases to normal

Administer blood products immediately

Q:19What is the single most effective intervention for ventricular fibrillation ... [Show Full Question 19]

High-quality chest compressions

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Epinephrine administration

Advanced airway management

Q:20A child with anaphylaxis presents with shortness of breath and hypotension. ... [Show Full Question 20]

0.1 mg/kg IV

0.01 mg/kg IV

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0.1 mg/kg subcutaneously

Test 03 Study Summary

1. Cuffed Tubes Cuffed endotracheal tubes are now the preferred choice for kids. they help stop air leaks and allow for better breathing control.

2. Anaphylaxis The correct way to treat a severe allergic reaction is to give Epinephrine into the muscle (IM) at a dose of 0.01 mg per kg.

3. Hyperkalemia When potassium levels are dangerously high, Calcium gluconate is the first medicine used to protect the heart from stopping.

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